在改(gǎi)寫或簡化狀語從句時,什麽情況下用獨立主(zhǔ)格結構,什麽情況下用分詞短語,如何區分(fèn)?如何(hé)判斷?如何使用?
(A)
主從(cóng)主語皆相同, 分詞短語作狀語,
連詞從主應省去。 主從主語(yǔ)如不同,
獨立主格作狀語, 從主不(bú)省要牢記(jì)。
例句:
1)When she heard the good news,she couldn’t helplaughing.
2)If time permits,I’ll dance with you.
上兩句可改為:①Hearing the good news,she couldn’thelp laughing.
當主(zhǔ)句主語和從句主語是相同的人或物時,我們(men)可以用分詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替從句,將原來從句中的連詞和主語(yǔ)省去。例1)中主句和從句的(de)主語(yǔ)都是she,是相同的,故可用分詞(cí)短語(yǔ)來代替從句。
例2)可改成:
Time permitting,I’ll dance with you.
很明顯,當主句的主語和從句的主語不同,不是同一人或(huò)物時,我們可用獨立主格來代替從句。從句的連詞省去。原來從句中與主句不(bú)一致的(de)主語保留,作為獨立主格的邏輯主語。例2)中從(cóng)句的主語是time與主語(yǔ)I不同,故用獨立主語。
(B)
主動語(yǔ)態用ing,被動語態用ed。
主動語態的從句,用現在分詞短語代替(tì),常常位於句首。如:They didn’t go to the Summer Palace because they had alot of work to do.
轉換為:Having a lot of work to do,they didn’t go to theSummer Palace.
被動(dòng)語態的從句,用過去(qù)分詞短(duǎn)語代替(tì),一般置於句首。如:
As we are led by our great Party,we have won one vic-tory after another.
轉換為:Led by our great Party,we have won one victo-ry after another.
(C)
被動如為完成或進行,用現在分詞(cí)被動形式(shì)勿忘(wàng)記。
1)After we had been shown the labs,we were taken tosee the library.
2)As the room was being painted,we had to stay out-side.
例1)轉(zhuǎn)換為:Having been shown the labs,we were tak-en to see the library.
例2)轉換為:The room being painted,we had to stayoutside.